Translucence and Translation in Alice Oswalds Memorial A Version of Homers Illiad - Literature Essay Samples

Most translations of Homer’s The Iliad keep the entire narrative of the story, incorporating Homer’s themes on the glory of war. Alice Oswald, however, chooses to deviate from this aspect of Homer’s epic in her Memorial: A Version of Homer’s Iliad. Oswald aims to translate The Iliad’s â€Å"atmosphere, not it’s story,† by showcasing its â€Å"enargeia† or its â€Å"bright unbearable reality,† instead of its â€Å"nobility,† making her version more â€Å"translucence† than â€Å"translation† (Oswald, ix). To achieve this, Oswald cuts out the narrative of the story, leaving behind only the gruesome scenes of two hundred Greek and Trojan deaths. Although at first read, Oswald’s deformation of the Iliad’s narrative seems counteractive to her goal of capturing its â€Å"bright unbearable reality,† she argues that loss, not war in general, is central to The Iliad (Oswald, ix). Using ele mental similes, especially in the death of of Podes, Oswald strips away the glory of war and leaves behind a reflection on the cyclical and inevitable nature of death. For Oswald, The Iliad’s enargeia emerges not from the narrative itself, but from the destruction left behind. In her depiction of Podes’s death, Oswald’s removal of his killer shifts the focus of war from its glory to its destruction, and shows the inevitability of death. In The Iliad, as well as in Memorial, Podes’s death is brief, only taking up a few lines of the text: Podes a close friend of Hector/ They used to have meals together/ He panicked he tried to run back to those times/ But time itself finished him(Oswald, 62). In Memorial, however, Oswald omits Podes’s killer, whereas in his translation of The Iliad, Lattimore states that â€Å"fair-haired Menelaus struck [Podes] at the war belt/ As he swept away in flight, and drove the bronze spear clean through it† (Lattimore, 578-579). Lattimore’s translation adheres to the traditional depiction of war as glorious, focusing on not only the deaths of war, but its victories as well. Lattimore’s translation depicts Menelaus, Podes’s killer, as a winner, while Oswald doesn’t even think it necessary to mention his name, instead saying that Podes is â€Å"finished† by time (Oswald, 62). This translation of Podes’s death alludes to Oswald’s belief that death and destruction await all of us, and cannot be avoided, especially in situations of war. To her, Podes’s killer isn’t important when describing his death, because had Menelaus not have killed him, somebody—or something—else probably would have. Another way that Oswald fixates on war as an outlet for destruction, not nobility, is by meticulously picking the details she includes in her short, four-line description of Podes’s death. While Lattimore’s translation never describes Podes’s actions as he dies, Oswald describes Podes â€Å"panick[ing]† and trying to â€Å"run back† to the times when he and Hector would â€Å"have meals together† (Oswald, 62). With this description, Oswald implies that Hector regrets fighting and fears his death. Instead of dying with nobility and bravery, he runs away, wishing he was somewhere else, enjoying a meal with a good friend. This disrupts the classical image of a valorous death, instead depicting fear and cowardice on the battlefield, and portrays war as a destructive force not only for bodies, but for spirit. Interestingly enough, Oswald also tries to find The Iliad’s â€Å"bright, unbearable reality† through the bits of narrative that she omits in her translation (ix). By choosing to include only scenes of death, she cuts scenes that might distract from this aspect of war. Even the compilation of these deaths in a ninety page books says something dismal about the vast amounts of death associated with war. The Iliad contains so many deaths that even if you were to only briefly describe every death scene, you would have enough text to fill a novel. In Podes’s death scene, Oswald’s omits Podes’s social status and Hector’s attempt at avenging him to further argue that death is inevitable and that noble actions in war don’t detract from it’s insurmountable amount of death. In Lattimore’s translation of The Iliad, Lattimore continuously refers to Podes as â€Å"Eà «tion’s son† and also refers to his wealth by calling him a â€Å"rich man† (Lattimore, 576). By not including these details, Oswald equalizes Podes’s death with the deaths of every other character in The Iliad, wealthy or not. By doing this, not only does Oswald imply that all deaths are equally tragic and significant, but she also implies that wealth and social status can’t save somebody from meeting their inevitable end. Oswald also omits a scene in which Hector attempts to avenge Podes’s death. In Lattimore’s translation, Apollo approaches Hector after Podes’s dea th and says â€Å"Hecktor, what other Achaian now shall be frightened before you?/ See, you have shrunk before Menelaos, who in times before this/ was a soft spearfighter; and now has gone taking off single-handed/ a body from among the Trojans. He has killed your trusted companion,/ valiant among the champions, Podes, the son of Eà «tion† (Lattimore, 585-590). Hector’s inability to protect his friend from Menelaus brings shame to the Trojans. In response, he â€Å"[takes] his way among the champions helmed in shining bronze† and prepares to fight to avenge the death of his friend and dissipate the dishonor his failure has brought on (Lattimore, 592). By cutting this scene, Oswald argues that Podes’s death is irreversible. Not even a noble act of vengeance from Hector can bring Podes back or alleviate the damage brought on by his death. Perhaps one of the most distinguishing factors of Oswald’s adaptation of The Iliad is the elemental similes that make up a bulk of the novel. Every episode of death in Memorial is followed by a comparison to some natural force, levelling death with something as natural and destructive as things like thunder or, in the case of Podes’s death, fire. Using these elemental similes, Oswald once again argues that death is inevitable, even natural, and cannot be controlled or contained. Death is elemental, not glorious. Furthermore, by comparing war to a destructive natural phenomenon like fire, Oswald expresses a negative opinion on human nature, its inherent violence. Oswald believes that humans, like the elements, naturally tend toward hate, violence. Unlike the original translation, Oswald finds The Iliad’s â€Å"bright, unbearable reality† not in humankind’s glory, but in humankind’s striking tendency toward destruction, and the loss left behind (Oswald, ix). The similes employed by Oswald in comparing the Trojan war to the elemental world also serve to bring the themes of the Iliad to a more contemporary audience. Many readers in 2011—the date of Memorial’s publication—wouldn’t have been familiar with the Trojan war, or the general landscape of war in general. It is incredibly difficult for readers who have never experienced war to be able to truly understand its destruction and intensity. It’s much easier, however, for readers to imagine waves crashing into the face of a rocky cliff or bright flames consuming a large tree. Oswald uses these images to transcend The Iliad’s enargeia across time and knowledge. One must not need to be familiar with the entire storyline of The Iliad or have experienced the chaos of warfare to understand The Iliad’s atmosphere. Oswald’s aims in compiling descriptions of every death in Homer’s The Iliad are explicitly stated at the beginning of Memorial. She herself recognizes that her attempt to capture The Iliad’s â€Å"enargeia† or â€Å"bright, unbearable reality† makes her version deviate from a traditional translation. Her fixation on death and use of elemental similes, however, do uproot a truth about war deeply hidden under all of the nobility in Homer’s epic; that war, though it may seem glorious at times, inevitably leads to death and destruction. And although Oswald neglects to incorporate The Iliad’s storyline into her version, Memorial succeeds in reflecting on destruction and war, and the inescapable reality waiting for us all.

Analysis of International Communication and Globalization...

We all seem to partake –somehow- in a new streak of research where the concept of globalisation takes form of some sort of mantra, rendering previously valid questions irrelevant and imposing new paradigm shifts in a variety of disciplines. In the field of International communication, the process of globalisation is not only about the emergence of huge transnational corporations. It also implies changes in communication policies and their impact on cultural autonomy and identity not only in weaker nations but in the most powerful ones as well. It is in this context that International Communication scholars are forced to rethink their existing theories of the free flow of information, the rapid growth of information technology, and the†¦show more content†¦The first part of this book features an interesting discussion about two key and contending research tendencies in the field of International Communication: an ‘Orthodox’ trend usually associated with the American tradition of quantitative research, and a ‘Critical’ trend that started in Western Europe with a qualitative and theoretical interest in the study of culture in terms of impact on ‘forms of consciousness and ways of life.’(p.7) This dichotomization might have been true in the early beginnings of International Communication research, but it no longer holds today as more American scholars adopt a critical approach in their enquiry of the effects of global communication on national cultures. Besides, Mohammadi should have asked someone else who not only writes about but also does critical research. James Halloran, who was given the task to represent the critical tradition, is more concerned with mass communication and public- policy making than cultural processes. The section on communication technology, deregulation and their impact on Third World countries is a discussion of how globalization and rapid technological change increase competition and accentuate the need for developing countries to adapt quickly. Adaptation, however, entails submission to a non-privileging economic order dictated by international financial institution, which helps to erode the autonomy of nation-states. As averred earlier, these arguments have been

Journalism Essay Example For Students

Journalism Essay While Burl Osborne is a strong believer in the right to free speech, he said that the urge to censor is the reaction of well-intended people to the expression of views that they find repugnant. Osborne, who serves as the president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors as well as the editor and publisher of The Dallas Morning News spoke of campus censorship in a meeting in the Student Unions Arizona Ballroom yesterday. Osborne says that many campuses around the country have instated policies against offensive speech and expression of students, with penalties that range from visits with a psychologist to expulsion. Behavior that complies with what is deemed to be proper is politically correct, says Osborne. Censorship has become the strategy of choice. In recent years, virtual communities have proliferated thanks to the converging technologies of telecommunications and computing. In the United States, numerous virtual communities exist in the form of bulletin boards, newsgroups, computer conferencing, etc. and have been expanding its scope beyond the national boundaries. But, those virtual communities originating in the United States carry heavy American-biased culture which members often take for granted because of the long history of domination in developing computer networks by American organizations. As examples of alternative virtual cultures, this paper presents major virtual communities in Japan which originated in Japan and mainly sustained by people in Japan. 2. Introduction and Background The convergence of telecommunication and computer technologies has enabled networking of people regardless of their geographical and temporal differences. The scope of such computer networks has been expanding exponentially since the first extensive comp uter network, ARPANET, was created in 1968 by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense (now DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). Now its successor, Internet, comprises 1.7 million computers in more than 1 25 countries (Stix, 1993); most of them at universities, government agencies and companies. As such computer networks have expanded beyond the small communities of scientific researchers and been applied in a variety of fields such as education and busin ess, communication through such computer networks is beginning to alter the ways in which people interact with one another in formal and informal ways. 2.1. Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) The term, computer-mediated communication (CMC) or computer-based communication, encompasses: computer networks, electronic mail, electronic bulletin boards service (BBS), and computer conferencing. CMC has been fairly well studied in educational setting s, as a supplemental to traditional classroom teaching or as a deliverly mode of distance education because of its distinct characteristics which make it different from any other media. Poster (1990) notes that CMC substitutes writing for spoken conversa tions and extends the domain of writing to cover areas of communication that previously were limited to face-to-face interactions, mail, and the telephone. CMC, up to now, is mainly limited to textual communication where most of the social cues are stripped off. People only see text on the computer screen in standardized formats which contains no dynamic personal information such as tones of ones voice or undescrivable facial expressions. Phatic aspects of the face-to-face conversation are minimal in CMC, which sometimes exacerbates communication anxiety when the sender gets no reply (Feenberg, 1989). The advantage of such text-based communication is that it reduces discriminatory communication patterns based on physical and social cues such as gender, race, socio-economic status, physical features, etc. , and enhances the interaction with one another. As a result, CMC destabilizes existing hierarchies in relationships and rehierarchize communications according to criteria that were previously irrelevant (Poster, 1990). The text-based communication also augments the interaction with ideas generated t hrough discussions. In CMC, people tend to focus on the message more than the messenger, and the availability of an archived transcript of the proceedings facilitates review of previous comments and discussion, focusing on important ideas and concepts. Another important aspect of this standardized texual communication is an individuals great control of his/her self image presented to other people. In most cases, the only identity an individual user has is a handle name which may be, and most often is expected to be, fictional. Anonymity is complete and identity is fictionalized in the structure of the communication. Poster (1990) contends that computer conversations construct a new configuration of the process of self-constitution. Communicate rs can compose themselves as characters in the process of writing, inventing themselves from their feelings, their needs, their ideas, their desires, their social position, their political views, their economic circumstances, their family situation thei r entire humanity. Spinoza And Free Will Essay In this sense, CMC is used for what Morioka (1993) calls ishiki tsushin (conscious communication). Ishiki tsushin, according to Morioka, is the communication for the purpose of social interaction itself, which is distinguised from joho tsushin (info rmation communication). Goffman (1959) argued that individuals deliberately give and inadvertently give off signs that provide others with information about how to .

QC Logistics an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

QC Logistics Introduction Need essay sample on "QC Logistics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed QC Logistics, a logistics and supply chain management company, is pilot testing IonData Lite in one of its facilities. IonData Lite is an off-the-shelf inventory tracking system which combines a PC and a handheld scanner. The Company has several requirements for its new stock control system, and among the systems it researched on, IonData Lite has the best fit. Summary Company Background QC Logistics, based on Waterford, is a business process outsourcer (BPO) for the logistics functions of several industries, particularly the pharmaceutical sector. As a BPO and by looking after peripheral aspects, QC Logistics allows companies to do their best. Clients trust QC to look after volumes of stock and ensure that stock is delivered just-in-time: if stock doesn't arrive and a production line is stopped, it could cost the client substantial amounts of money. QC Logistics started operations in December 1996, employed five staff, and operated in a single warehouse (5,000 sq. ft.). At the time the case was written, the Company was operating in several warehouses with a total area of 130,000 sq. ft, and was dealing more than 14,000 pallets of stocks a week. Our Customers Very Often Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my paper. Because I don't have the time Specialists propose: Academic Papers For Sale The Company's core businesses are those non-cores for its clients like stock management, just-in-time delivery and shipping. Its business is primarily focused in meeting the logistics needs of the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors, the Company did work for companies in other industries. But the Company maintains that the level of internal standards and processes required servicing a pharmaceutical client, the systems it has were more than able to meet the needs of clients in other sectors. As such, it is this sector and its needs that the company based its systems, a selection of a new system, the implementation of its systems, and roll-out of its systems on. Issue Due to the uniqueness of the logistics function of QC Logistics' clients particularly its pharmaceutical clients, the systems it has must be more resilient than those of the competition. At the end of the supply chain process and what is noteworthy is that the product QC was responsible for was going to be consumed by human beings. As such QC Logistics wants this, a better level of service, and improved efficiencies in it warehouses to be addressed by its stock control system. Undoubtedly, such a system and its implementation will cost QC Logistics a lot of money. Fortunately, the new stock system was part-funded with a grant from the Enterprise Ireland eBusiness Acceleration Fund. In choosing the new stock control system, QC's requirements include 1) the ability to manage stock in the warehouse, 2) provision of traceability, 3) had to be user friendly, 4) had to support integration of other systems, 5) support for bar coding, and 6) solid security. Action Taken QC Logistics chose IonData Lite. IonData Lite is an off-the-shelf inventory tracking system designed by Dun Laoghaire-based developer Ion Technologies. IonData Lite provides functionality on goods in, move and put away goods, bills and shipping, and stock checking. Also, the software allows QC Logistics to generate reports weekly. As such, the new systems benefits QC Logistics' numerous clients by promoting better efficiency, easier production of reports, and better stock traceability. While it benefits QC Logistics by reducing level of paperworks, allowing the Company to sustain a competitive advantage, easier reporting, and increasing customer confidence. In the implementation of the new system, IonData Lite, QC Logistics learned several things. QC Logistics thinks that these lessons are necessary in order for a successful system implementation and roll-out. These lessons are spending time on detailing the specifications this was considered as a fundamental part of the process, having a plan and involving everyone a clear outlined approach on the information technology project which should be led by a Project Manager is imperative, sticking to the timeline, and researching on alternatives before settling for any one system vendor. Having said all these, QC Logistics kept in mind the areas in their system that needed to be expanded on in the future. The Company wants to integrate its client stock systems with the IonData Lite system, develop a client extranet that allows direct access to stock inventory and reporting on an as-needed basis, and roll-out of the IonData Lite system across all the company's facilities. Recommendation 1 For any business organization, managing the supply chain "the flow of materials from suppliers through manufacturing, distribution, and sales" (Turban, Leidner, McLean effectively and efficiently is one of the sources of competitive advantages. However, for most companies this function is not always one of their core competencies. Hence, like the pharmaceutical clients of QC Logistics, it is always more efficient and effective for some to outsource this function. Supply chain management then becomes the core competency of the outsourcing partner. QC Logistics in looking for a system to fulfill all its current requirements, and still would allow for future expansion, can look at several supply chain management softwares available in the market. The SCM software allows QC to build functional systems that link all its facilities, ensure support functions, and connect with the company's supply chain partners and clients. SCM allows QC to connect it supply chain with the supply chain of its suppliers and customers (www.cio.com) and hence, it addresses one of the basic requirements of the Company: system integration. Recommendation 2 Radio frequency identification (RFID) "uses tiny tags that contain a processor and an antenna and can communicate with a detecting unit" (Turban, Leidner, McLean & Wetherbe, 2006, p. 30). RFID technology is not relatively new. It has been around since the 1970s (www.rfidjournal.com). In using RFID in improving its logistics' efficiency and effectiveness, QC Logistics can use passive RFID chips with small antennae attached to cases and pallets. When passed near an RFID "reader," the chip activates, and its unique product identifier code is transmitted back to QC's stock control system. With this system in place, when pallets are delivered to QC's clients' warehouses, RFID readers notify both QC Logistics and clients what products entered the facility, and where the products are stored. RFID will more than address the requirements of QC: traceability, error control, stock information, reduction in manpower, and FIFO stock rotation. Also, since RFID tags are unique, this would mean that it is possible to identify which stock might pass its expiration date first. Conclusion The success of QC Logistics lies in its capability to manage its clients supply chain: it must do this better than its competition. This ability is highly dependent on the system it employs. As such, care must be exercised in choosing what stock control system to use. IonData Lite substantially addresses the current requirements of QC Logistics, but I can't stop thinking that the Company might be jeopardising future growth by betting on such a very simple system. References Turban, E., Leidner, D., McLean, E. & Wetherbe, J. (2006). Information Technology for Management: Transforming Organization sin the Digital Economy (5th ed.). Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons. ABCs of Supply Chain Management. Retrieved on April 7, 2007. Is RFID new? Retrieved on April 7, 2007.

Hung Liu Artistic Work and its Contribution to Human Life

Hung Liu Artistic Work and its Contribution to Human Life Introduction Born in 1948 in China, Hung Liu is a famous Chinese-American artist who uses her paintings to present themes like gender, culture, politics, and war. Hung acquired her skills in the field of art from the Central Academy of Fine Art in Beijing, where she acquired a Bachelors Degree in Art, and later got a masters degree from the University of California.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hung Liu Artistic Work and its Contribution to Human Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hung uses themes like gender and culture to explain the challenges that women and young girls experience globally. In addition, Hung emphasizes the importance of her themes using paintings, which are very practical in presenting her themes. The fact that Hung is among the early immigrants to the United States gives her a firsthand experience of the gender disparity and racism. Thus, Hung is very vocal on aspects that focus on women, politics, culture, war, environmental crisis, and struggles of immigrants (Fichner 532). Moreover, the research also conducted through an interview with a colleague (Chiang Lee), who is a Chinese American, concerning his perspective of Hung’s paintings. Therefore, the research paper examines how Chinese-American artist, Hung Liu, addresses themes such as gender, racism, politics, culture, war, and immigrant struggles. Gender Discrimination Hung uses her fine works of art to explain the experiences that women and girls go through in their lives. In her famous work titled Goddess of Liberty, Hung employs imagery to demonstrate the effect of gender parity. Moser explains that the paintings of Hung show women who have been bound on the feet to highlight the challenges that the women encounters globally (80). Hung outlines the theme of gender discrimination from historic periods and stresses her historic presentation by using concubines of emperors to demonstrate that the issue of gender discrimination affects both medieval and modern women and girls. In her assertion, Hung argues that the emperors’ concubines wore masks to symbolize the authoritarian nature of men, who define the roles of the women. Moreover, Hung adds three cages of birds hanging on her painting to emphasize on the effects of gender discrimination. From a personal interview, Chiang explains that although discrimination against women has reduced compared to historic times, some individuals still perpetuate the vice. Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 2: Mother and daughter (Moser 94) Immigrant Struggles Another theme that Hung addresses is the immigrant struggles, which explains the dilemmas that Chinese immigrants who came to the United States in the mid-nineteen century experienced. According to Hung, many Chinese immigrants encountered different lifestyles and cultures in the United States. Therefore, most of the Chinese immigrants adopted the foreign cultures and compromised their native cultures. Some of the paintings used by Hung to explain the vital nature of culture include the portraits of Chinese self, Buddha’s hand, the rainmaker, and the controversial fortune cookie that symbolizes the importance of Chinese culture. The implication of her cultural paintings, which includes the fortune cookie, shows the vitality of culture from Hung’s perspective (Moser 83). Hung uses her artistic skills to encourage appreciation of native culture and lifestyles of Chinese people living in the United States. In the aspect of immigrant struggles, Chiang explains that since the lifestyles and cultures of people in the United States are different from Chinese lifestyles, many immigrants from China experienced immense challenges in the process of assimilating into the American culture and preserving their culture. Figure 2: Old Gold Mountains (Moser 92) Politics Hung addresses the theme of politics using her homeland of China. From her paintings, Hung demonstrates the importance of good politics and governance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hung Liu Artistic Work and its Contribution to Human Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By using images of Chinese slaves taken captives in Japan after the Second World War and women working on dry fields to recover the lost glory of the Chinese republic, Hung depicts the need for states to exercise good governance and healthy politics. Using numerous wall paintings that are eye-catching and appealing, Hung outlines the past and present political status of China (French 23). In addition, to enhance the effectiveness of her paintings concerning the present political nature of her home country, China, Hung applies metaphors and figures of speech. Hung uses the figures of speech and me taphors to explain that the political system of China has challenges in terms of political balance. According to the interview, Chiang explained that although China is progressing politically, the country has to institute a number of policies to advance its political system. Racism Hung uses most of her paintings to show feelings, operations, and activities that individuals undertake in their daily lives. Since Hung is a Chinese American artist, some of her images depict things that concern her past life in the United States when the vice of racial and gender discrimination was highly pronounced. Although Hung experienced many instances of racial disparity, however, she used her images to demonstrate the critical nature of living together like brothers and sister irrespective of race. Whenever Hung encountered a situation, she would try to retain it in history using imagery. A good example of artwork that Hung used in addressing the issue of racism focused on the Chinese living in S outh Carolina. According to Guzman, Hung’s images are very practical in the study of racial discrimination practiced by some Native Americans during the 19th and 20th centuries (46). From the personal interview, Chiang notes that since Hung was a woman from China who travelled to the United States during the period characterized by high levels of discrimination basing on gender and race, her vulnerability to discrimination was high. Figure 3: A sketch that demonstrates the need to take care of each other as brothers (Moser 82)Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Culture A number of paintings designed by Hung comprise of fine images that display rich and unique Chinese culture. In her artistic works, Hung displays both the past and the contemporary cultures of Chinese. Remarkably, her artistic works are multicultural, as she incorporates both Chinese and American cultures. The main motivation of multicultural paintings is her experience in the United States and the need to help young Asian Americans, who experienced cultural dilemmas. Moreover, most of her paintings that focus on Chinese culture are born out of traditional Chinese education, which is the foundation of her present artistic skills (Desmond 23). The contribution of Hung’s traditional Chinese education is evident from the majority of her images that either have their basis on Chinese photographs from the past or depict Chinese history and culture. The findings from the research also reflect a similar response, as Chiang states that Hung tried very hard to use her painting skills to educate individuals concerning Chinese culture and encourage the Native Chinese to appreciate and love their culture. War War is another theme that Hung addresses using her paintings. Most of the paintings that she designed show Chinese slaves captured by Japanese soldiers after the Second World War and the images of Chinese women working on dry plantations to recover the glory of China. The painting ‘By the Rivers of Babylon’ that shows refugees at the banks of a river running away from war is a good example of how Hung uses imagery to keep historic events alive in the minds of people. Since Hung spent most of her tender age living in China during the period when wars and revolutions were frequent, she uses some of the images to demonstrate the actual state of affairs to many individuals in the United States and globally. According to the research, it is clear that images of Hung educate many individuals on issues that touch on war and its implications (Ress ler 212). Chiang states that through the paintings of Hung, he had acquired a lot of information concerning war, especially in the Asian continent. Figure 4: By the Rivers of Babylon (Moser 95) Conclusion The famous works of art displayed by Chinese-American artist, Hung, are very important and practical in the study of historic events that have shaped human life. The paintings designed by Hung are appealing and attractive since she uses streaks and shadows in enhancing reality of images or photographs. Some of the major themes that Hung addresses include gender discrimination, immigrant struggles, politics, racism, culture, and war. Additionally, the interview with a colleague (Lee Chiang), who is a Chinese American, highlights the relevance of Hung’s artistic works not only to the past society, but also to the contemporary society. The themes addressed by Hung in her paintings bring to the fore the challenges that human beings encounter in their daily activities. Therefore , Hung’s paintings and images have an enduring influence as they touch on issues of the contemporary world. Chiang, Lee. Personal Interview. 8 Feb. 2014. Desmond, Kathleen. Ideas About Art. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. French, Stephanie. In Plural America. New York: Hudson River Museum, 2012. Print. Fichner, Lois. Understanding Art. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Guzman, Rene . Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu. California : University of California Press, 2013. Print. Moser, Joann. â€Å"Interview A Conversation with Hung Liu.† Chicago Journals 25. 2 (2011): 76-103. Print. Ressler, Susan. Women Artists of the American West. McFarland, 2003. Print.

Stock Market Anomalies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stock Market Anomalies - Essay Example In finance, anomalies are market activities not in agreement with the forecasting of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). In detail, these anomalies seem to breach premises of mean-variance ratio or no-arbitrage. If a multifarious adaptive scheme approach better depicts markets, the supposed anomalies investigators have keyed out may not be abnormal after all. The modern EMH model can be summed up in the "three P's of Total Investment Management" (Lo, 1999): prices, probabilities, and preferences. The three P's have originated from one of the most fundamental and vital estimates of modern economics, the rationale of supply and demand. This precept submits that the price of any goods and the quantity sold are fixed by the intersection of supply and demand arcs. The intersection of these two arcs influences "equilibrium" comprising the pair of price-quantity which might satisfy both the user and the producer at the same time. How or why do markets fail Several reasons can be attached to this question. But the simplest reason is the heterogeneity of the investors which breaks down and the every capitalist starts to act in harmony which leads to either extreme optimism which is greed or pessimism which is fear. The teachings of social psychology are that people like to imitate one another thus giving weightage when being in group rather than to individual's own reflections.

Demographic Analysis for Policy Decision-Making Essay

Demographic Analysis for Policy Decision-Making - Essay Example The children of smokers, compared to children of nonsmoking parents, have an increased number of respiratory disorders, are sick more often and miss more days of school. The Centers for Disease Control conservatively attributes 3,825 deaths in 1988 to passive smoking A report sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency concluded that environmental smoke kills 53,000 nonsmokers a year, including 37,000 from heart disease ("Secondhand") (Schwartz JL, 1989). Canadians are most likely to identify lung cancer and bronchitis and other respiratory problems as diseases associated with second-hand smoke. Smokers and those who live with smokers are less likely to acknowledge the health effects of smoking. Only 1 in 5 Canadians surveyed believed that second-hand smoke could cause ear infections. Even among those who know that second-hand smoke poses a danger, many mistakenly believe that children's health is only harmed by smoking directly around them. [Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Knowledge, Attitudes and Actions of Parents, Children and Child Care Providers, Health Canada, 1995]. http://www.smoke-free.ca/Second-Hand-Smoke/health_kids.htm Almost half of all Canadian children under the age of... http://www.smoke-free.ca/Second-Hand-Smoke/health_kids.htm Almost half of all Canadian children under the age of 15, some 2.8 million children, are exposed to second-hand smoke on a regular basis. [Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Health on second reading debate of Bill C-24, June 6, 1996]. Four in 10 Canadian households include someone who regularly smokes in the home. Neither the presence of children nor their age affects whether or not homes are kept smoke-free. A further 40% of Canadian homes have no regular smoker living there, but permit visitors to smoke in their home. Only 19% of Canadian homes are smoke-free. [Survey on Smoking in Canada 1994-95, Cycle 2] http://www.smoke-free.ca/Second-Hand-Smoke/health_kids.htm In smoker's homes, an average of 18 cigarettes a day is smoked. In only 1 in 5 of these households are cigarettes not smoked directly in front of children. Smokers are more likely to have mainly smokers in their social circle, and their children are more likely to be in contact with these smoking friends and relatives than are the children of non-smokers. [An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Concerning Environmental Tobacco Smoke, 1995 - Ekos Research Associates] http://www.smoke-free.ca/Second-Hand-Smoke/health_kids.htm Thus, there is no doubt that tobacco smoking is harmful to the smoker. Evidence also indicates that maternal smoking during pregnancy has adverse effects on fetal development. It is now apparent that 'passive' or 'involuntary' smoking also has harmful effects. This involves non-smokers being exposed to the smoke from cigarettes or other tobacco products smoked by other people. In 1987 the Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health produced a statement to the effect that